Houthi Attacks on Red Sea Shipping: A Growing Crisis

Houthi attacks on critical trade routes endanger global shipping, demanding international cooperation for solutions.

### Houthi Attacks on Red Sea Shipping: A Crisis Managed by UK's 911 for Shipping
* 🗺️ Houthi rebels have intensified attacks on Red Sea shipping lanes, causing an eightfold increase in incidents yearly for the UK Navy's 911 service for shipping.
* 🚨 These attacks, including drone strikes and hijackings, threaten a crucial trade route responsible for approximately **$1 trillion** in annual goods transit.
* 🌊 The attacks, concentrated near the Bab-el Mandeb Strait, have forced many ships to take longer, more expensive routes around the Cape of Good Hope.
* 🚢 The UK's Maritime Trade Operations (MTO) unit plays a critical role in coordinating responses to these attacks, acting as the first point of contact for many distressed vessels.  They "try to get as much information from the master".
* 💥 The US has spent over **$1 billion** in the first few months countering these attacks, which involve striking Houthi weapons facilities, but these are constantly resupplied, primarily by Iran.
* 🛰️  The Houthis' accuracy has improved due to the supply of satellite coordinates, allegedly from Russia, deepening ties between adversaries.
* ⚠️  While the Houthis claim attacks will cease only with a Gaza ceasefire, Western intelligence suggests they aim to maintain their momentum and visibility.
* 🌍  Analysts believe a multi-pronged approach—military, economic, and diplomatic—is needed to end the Houthi attacks, with the UK MTO remaining vital in saving lives at sea.

- [Narrator] Drone attacks, hijackings, and sinkings. Houthi rebels have turned one of the world's most critical trade routes into a zone of terror. (man speaks foreign language)
(suspenseful music) - [Narrator] Thousands of miles away, distress calls

from targeted vessels — [Woman] We were attacked by two missiles. — are routed here to the UK Navy's 911 service for shipping, which has seen an eightfold increase in incidents year on year.  We're a team of civilians at the center of efforts

to keep the world's cargo ships safe from attacks. - I think the only ones that have never spoken to us are the North Koreans. - [Narrator] The Royal Navy unit covers this zone, spanning parts of the Red Sea,

Gulf of Aden, and Arabian Sea; an area critical for the flow of trade between East and West. In the past year, Houthi rebels have struck over a hundred ships traveling through the narrow Bab-el Mandeb Strait,

the gateway to around $1 trillion in goods annually. - The Houthis, a Yemeni rebel group, have been basically attacking vessels.  The Houthis started to retaliate over the war in Gaza, in solidarity with the Palestinians.

- We were now looking at a sudden, overnight escalation from maybe one or two incidents in that area every two to three months to eight incidents a day. Multiple vessels involved, multiple nationalities, multiple threats. (man speaks foreign language)
(wind blows)

- [Narrator] While many ships are rerouting, using the longer and more expensive route around the Cape of Good Hope, defending those that continue through the strait is a huge challenge. The cost is enormous, and there has been no solution yet.

For the US, it's more than $1 billion just in the first few months in the cost of retaliating and stopping these attacks. - [Narrator] US warships are escorting vessels in a bid to protect the shipping lane as part of a wider containment strategy.

This also involves striking Houthi weapons launch points and storage facilities. But those stocks keep being replenished. - Every time the Houthis are hit, their launch points and arsenals are hit, they get more from Iran, typically,

either missiles or drones. - These smuggling routes mean the Houthi strikes on vessels are continuing. In this video released by the Houthis, the Sounion crude oil tanker is seen under attack. The UK MTO received a distress call

from the master of the vessel, or person in charge, as the armed militants approached. - To be boarded by the bad guys, and they set explosions off and it literally, we were trying to glean the information. "Was it true?" outside agencies said,

"Have you had any reports?" We try to get as much information from the master because, to a lot of masters, we are the first point of contact. We are, some people think, an emergency service. We haven't got the assets, but we know

The people with the assets. The team worked very hard to manage that information, to triage it and assess it, and then disseminate it very quickly.

But attempts to locate vessels in distress can be complicated by the vessel's own attempts to stay safe. Automatic Identification Systems, or AIS, are radio signals that help ships avoid collisions. But to try and dodge attacks, they're often switched off while transiting in this dangerous waterway.

That made attempts to locate the Rubymar, a cargo ship hit by the Houthis, even more difficult. The ship, carrying 22,000 metric tons of fertilizer, started to sink after the attack.  She was slowly taking on water. Her AIS was switched off.

We were asking masters, as they were tracking through, if they could give us a position for her. After, I think, several weeks, she finally did vanish.

Despite efforts by the US and its allies to target Houthi infrastructure, the UK MTO has received and handled over 86% more calls year on year.  For annual hackers for us to share this information with our coalition forces. So, is that correct?

And has ramped up its exercises in order to remain alert. They're Filipino. And what flag is it? It's Antigua and Barbuda. So it's been pretty efficient from the Houthi side. They've been very—they've suffered very little damage.

from the US, UK, and Israel in terms of the deep impact. Their leadership is still alive. The arsenal is being refurbished by Iran continuously, with continuous flows coming through for smuggling. So that combination means they're able to continuously attack shipping.

There's also been a supply of satellite coordinates that initially came from Russia. - [Narrator] This data allowed the Houthis to more accurately target vessels. The Russia-Houthi cooperation has also deepened ties between groups Washington sees as its adversaries.

How long the Houthis will continue to bombard the waterway remains in question. - Their official assessment is that until there is a ceasefire in Gaza, they won't stop. The Western intelligence sources I speak to don't believe that.

They think that they're kind of on a high. They've never been as visible and as popular. They used to be a very small faction. They want to keep the momentum going. - [Narrator] In addition to targets in the Red Sea,

the Houthis have also launched ballistic missiles and drones at Israel. Tel Aviv has responded by targeting energy infrastructure inside Yemen. Some analysts believe ending the Houthis' reign of terror will require more than just military action, including both economic and diplomatic solutions.

Until that happens, UK MTO will remain on the forefront of the fight to save lives. - The people who make up UK MTO, who are answering the phones, are here because the safety of mariners at sea really does matter to them.

The ‘9-1-1’ Unit Responding to Houthi Attacks on Red Sea Shipping | WSJ

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The Wall Street Journal

Houthi attacks on Red Sea shipping and the UK Navy's response.

Houthi rebels' attacks (drone attacks, hijackings, sinkings) on a critical trade route.

Distress calls from attacked vessels routed to the UK Navy's 911 service for shipping, showing an eightfold increase in incidents.

The Royal Navy unit's coverage area (Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea) and its importance for global trade.

Over a hundred ships struck in the Bab-el Mandeb Strait, impacting around $1 trillion in goods annually.

Houthis' retaliation linked to the war in Gaza and solidarity with Palestinians; a significant escalation in attacks.

Challenges in protecting shipping and the high cost of countermeasures.

Many ships reroute, increasing costs; defending those continuing through the strait is challenging.

US involvement: escorting vessels and striking Houthi weapons facilities, but stocks are replenished.

Iran's role in supplying the Houthis with missiles and drones.

Example of the Sounion crude oil tanker attack and the UK MTO's role in receiving distress calls.

Difficulties in locating vessels in distress.

Ships often switch off AIS to avoid attacks, hindering location efforts.

The case of the Rubymar, a cargo ship carrying fertilizer, which sank after an attack with its AIS switched off.

Challenges in locating the Rubymar and the difficulties in getting information from ships.

Analysis of the effectiveness of countermeasures and the continued attacks.

UK MTO's increased workload (over 86% more calls year on year) despite countermeasures.

Houthi's efficiency and minimal damage despite countermeasures from the US, UK, and Israel.

Iran's continuous supply of weapons to the Houthis enables continued attacks.

Russia's supply of satellite coordinates to the Houthis, enhancing their targeting accuracy.

Perspectives on the duration of Houthi attacks and potential solutions.

Houthis' stated condition for stopping attacks (ceasefire in Gaza) and differing intelligence assessments.

Houthi attacks on Israel and Israel's response targeting Yemeni energy infrastructure.

Analysts suggest that ending the attacks requires more than military action, including economic and diplomatic solutions.

Conclusion: UK MTO's dedication and the importance of mariner safety.

UK MTO's commitment to the safety of mariners at sea.