how have we become so addicted to caffeine, and is it bad? Because it includes virtually every doctor, surgeon, and the high achiever that I know. I first started drinking it when I was in school, and then all through medical school, and then all through my time as a trainee surgeon, and pretty much every day since. I don't know if it's the warm, nutty, velvety aroma or the feel-good vibes that come with being in a quirky, Bohemian coffee shop, and there is no getting away from the social side of coming together and enjoying a nice hot cup of coffee. Either way, an estimated 2 billion cups of coffee are consumed every single day. So why then are people always talking about giving it up and making the rest of us feel guilty? As somebody who has drank coffee my entire adult life, I have set out to find out if caffeine is bad for you and how much of it I can drink safely. Foreign [Music] coffee comes from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant, which is native to

Tropical regions of the planet when it's roasted it becomes dark and fragrant and can be ground and brewed to make coffee. [Music] Drink coffee. The caffeine is absorbed via our bloodstream into our brains where it blocks the effect of a neurotransmitter called adenosine. Now adenosine is a powerful central nervous system suppressant in that it promotes tiredness and sleepiness and prevents arousal. Therefore caffeine has the indirect effect of increasing alertness but that's not it. It also increases the release of dopamine and adrenaline. So at least in the short term it will make you feel more alert more awake and is proven to improve your mental and physical performance and hence is often referred to as a psychoactive drug. So why is everybody trying to give it up and why are they all failing at it? The internet is littered with people sharing their experiences of trying to quit coffee going cold turkey and most not doing very well. Obviously if you drink too much of it you'll experience

elevated heart rate, insomnia, anxiety, coffee breath. But then just don't drink too much of it. Why the bad press? So apparently caffeine is not addictive. Well, it is kind of. Listen to this. Caffeine is a psychoactive drug that stimulates the central nervous system. When consumed, it can produce a feeling of alertness and energy. And while caffeine is not considered to be as addictive as drugs like opioids or amphetamines, it can be addictive for some people. Don't really know what that means. And withdrawal symptoms include headache, fatigue, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and drowsiness. I've probably experienced some of those before if I'm like my medical elective at Yale on orthopedic surgery, doing 5 a.m. ward rounds, and I drank about five cups of coffee per day. And when I didn't at the weekends, I see headaches. That's probably why teeth. And so this is where many people fail to give it up despite the best motivation in the world. But it's not all bad. Studies actually show tons of health

benefits. It's a good source of antioxidants, which can reduce inflammation. Contains essential nutrients such as B vitamins, magnesium, and potassium. Some of these studies also show that regular coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and several types of cancer. And that's not it. Some of the studies show that in coffee drinkers, there's a lower risk of stroke and heart disease. But this does say three to five cups per day, so just keep in mind that that isn't safe for everybody. If you have hypertension or uncontrolled blood pressure issues, then you probably should check with your doctor first. I'll make sure all of these studies are linked in the description, and the list of benefits goes on. And though a lot of the evidence is mixed, there is evidence to suggest lower rates of depression, better weight management, and lower body fat, lower rates of death when adjusting for other factors such as age, weight, and alcohol consumption, and reduced rates of liver disease. I didn't know that.

as a lifelong coffee drinker and doctor focused on health in general, I want to know what the long-term effects are. Well, there seems to be a lot of myths. There's this notion that coffee can cause osteoporosis, which is a reduction in your bone density, so much so that it increases your risk of fractures. As an orthopedic surgeon, this intrigued me. But apparently, caffeine at high levels can affect the way our bodies absorb calcium. But to cause osteoporosis, you would have to drink 700 milligrams a day. And according to my Google search, one cup of coffee contains approximately 100 milligrams of caffeine. Therefore, you would have to consume at least seven cups a day for it to begin to affect your bone health. So, I think it's pretty safe to say it probably doesn't affect your bones to a degree that we have to worry about. Another myth: decaf coffee does contain caffeine, but it's been reduced by 97. Also, some fizzy drinks, not to name many names, actually contain

more caffeine than some coffees. You really gotta look at that label to see what the caffeine content is. So, as you can see here, soda has 40 milligrams in that can of cola, and that's greater than your shot of espresso, which only has 27 milligrams. At the same time, it's also less than your black tea, which has 45 milligrams, less than your instant coffee at 82 milligrams, and less than your brewed coffee at 95 milligrams. So, what I found was drinking less than 400 milligrams of caffeine per day will be safely within recommended limits. So, that's about four cups of coffee per day maximum. Gonna be the same for everyone? Not all things are equal. It applies to different people. So, if you're pregnant, for instance, if you may have certain heart conditions or gastrointestinal conditions, then those kind of rules may vary, and you may have a recommendation from your physician that may be drinking much less than that, if at all. Personally, as a busy surgeon, a father, a writer, a creative, I do drink at least one to two

cups of coffee per day. The only thing that has made me consider giving it up is to see if it would affect the quality of my sleep. Caffeine has a half-life of about five hours, which means that at five hours, half of the caffeine that you have drank will still be in your bloodstream. Now, we all metabolize it differently based on our genetics. Some people can drink a cup of coffee late at night with very little effect, and of course, it will depend on how busy and active you were during the day. But I once drank a cup of coffee late at night, the night before a big exam at medical school, and I was awake the whole night. Needless to say, that wasn't my best exam, so I learned the hard way. For me, I personally try not to drink any caffeine within eight hours of my intended bedtime. Practically, that basically means no coffee after 2. It's worth noting that there are a list of negative effects from drinking too much coffee. It's also worth noting that you may have experienced all or

none of these because we all metabolize caffeine differently, and therefore it affects our bodies differently. Young and busy professional in London, coffee is a social staple. From mainstream to eclectic coffee shops, it forms the basis of many meetups and meetings. Try meeting a friend with their favorite brew and watch the dynamic of your meetup change. It has definitely helped me build connections, hash out ideas, and develop relationships, and it happens over a nice, warm, hearty, and healthy cup of coffee. So personally, I won't be giving it up anytime soon. See you in the next one. [Music]

The surprising health benefits of Coffee - and its affects on bone health

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